Synthesis of ether lipids: natural compounds and analogues

• Marco Antônio G. B. Gomes,
• Alicia Bauduin,
• Chloé Le Roux,
• Romain Fouinneteau,
• Wilfried Berthe,
• Mathieu Berchel,
• Hélène Couthon and
• Paul-Alain Jaffrès

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 1299–1369, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.96

Synthesis and bioactivity of pyrrole-conjugated phosphopeptides

• Qiuxin Zhang,
• Weiyi Tan and
• Bing Xu

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 159–166, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.17

• , such as intracellular phase transition [22], molecular imaging [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33], anisotropic hydrogels [34][35], targeting subcellular organelles [36][37][38][39][40], elimination of pluripotent stem cells (PSC) [41][42], and cancer therapy [43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50

Cryogels: recent applications in 3D-bioprinting, injectable cryogels, drug delivery, and wound healing

• Luke O. Jones,
• Leah Williams,
• Tasmin Boam,
• Martin Kalmet,
• Chidubem Oguike and
• Fiona L. Hatton

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 2553–2569, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.171

• stem cells in cell-based therapies, detection of low levels of biomarkers in the blood (i.e., tumour cells, pathogenic microorganisms, etc.) for disease diagnosis, and general isolation of biological substances for clinical and environmental microbiology hold opportunities for cryogels [13][42][61

• ., have shown similar effects as reported by Petrov et al. in 2007 [30] and 2009 [92]. More recently, cryogels have been used to tackle diseases such as cancer. Aliperta et al. have used cryogels in the sustained release of bispecific antibodies for cancer immunotherapy [93], combining stem cells with a

A systems-based framework to computationally describe putative transcription factors and signaling pathways regulating glycan biosynthesis

• Theodore Groth,
• Rudiyanto Gunawan and
• Sriram Neelamegham

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 1712–1724, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.119

• function and can promote metastatic phenotypes in colorectal cancer [38]. O-Linked glycosylation via GALNT3 and B3GNT3 has been shown to regulate differentiation of pancreatic cancer stem cells [39]. FOXA1 (RP = 0.97, ρ = 0.49) and KLF5 (RP = 0.71, ρ = 0.68) were found to regulate GALNT3, and KLF5 (RP

• = 0.98, ρ = 0.67) and TCF7L2 (RP = 0.95, ρ = 0.62) were found to regulate B3GNT3. Since KLF5 and TCF7L2 have been shown to be upregulated in pancreatic cancer stem cells, it would be interesting to validate if GALNT3 and B3GNT3 are driven by any of these TFs. Discussion In the current analysis, we mined

Chemical approaches to discover the full potential of peptide nucleic acids in biomedical applications

• Nikita Brodyagin,
• Martins Katkevics,
• Venubabu Kotikam,
• Christopher A. Ryan and
• Eriks Rozners

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 1641–1688, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.116

• duplexes with complementary DNA and RNA, without compromising the sequence selectivity, and improved the cellular uptake of PNA [71]. The same group later demonstrated that GPNA derived from ᴅ-arginine formed more stable duplexes with RNA and was readily taken up by both human somatic and embryonic stem

• cells [72]. GPNA targeting the transcriptional start-site of the human E-cadherin gene had potent and sequence-specific antisense activity and was less toxic to the cells than the PNA–polyarginine conjugate [73]. Interestingly, the α-arginine modification in either ʟ- or ᴅ-configuration destabilized PNA

Simulating the enzymes of ganglioside biosynthesis with Glycologue

• Andrew G. McDonald and
• Gavin P. Davey

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 739–748, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.64

• disorders of ganglioside biosynthesis can lead to a number of neuropathies, including motor deficits, microcephaly, sensory loss, and autistic features [10][11]. Certain gangliosides, such as GM2, have been identified as tumor markers for breast cancer stem cells [12], while members of the alpha-series

Clustering and curation of electropherograms: an efficient method for analyzing large cohorts of capillary electrophoresis glycomic profiles for bioprocessing operations

• Ian Walsh,
• Matthew S. F. Choo,
• Sim Lyn Chiin,
• Amelia Mak,
• Shi Jie Tay,
• Pauline M. Rudd,
• Yang Yuansheng,
• Andre Choo,
• Ho Ying Swan and
• Terry Nguyen-Khuong

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 2087–2099, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.176

• , Dublin, Ireland Animal Cell Technology Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore 138668 Stem Cells 1 Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute - Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore 138668 Department of Biomedical Engineering

Impact of Pseudomonas aeruginosa quorum sensing signaling molecules on adhesion and inflammatory markers in endothelial cells

• Carmen Curutiu,
• Florin Iordache,
• Veronica Lazar,
• Aurelia Magdalena Pisoschi,
• Aneta Pop,
• Mariana Carmen Chifiriuc and
• Alina Maria Hoban

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 2580–2588, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.235

• significant effect on IL-10 secretion in mesenchymal stem cells [10]. Bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and phospholipase C (PLC) induces high levels of TNFα, IL-1β, IFNγ, MIP-1 and MIP-2 in lung cells, but they do not affect IL-18 levels [26]. In the tracheal epithelium LPS stimulates TLR2 and TLR4, while

Biomimetic molecular design tools that learn, evolve, and adapt

• David A Winkler

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 1288–1302, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.125

• selection, evolution of materials The following brief examples show how these new in silico feature selection, machine learning, and adaptive evolution have been applied to chemical problems. Sparse feature selection: how strontium ion controls mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) Bioglass materials containing

• strontium ions have been shown to reduce bone loss and fractures by stimulating mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to differentiate down the osteogenic (bone forming) pathway. The mechanism by which this occurs was far from clear. A broad gene expression microarray experiment was performed on MSCs exposed to

Regulation of integrin and growth factor signaling in biomaterials for osteodifferentiation

• Qiang Wei,
• Theresa L. M. Pohl,
• Anja Seckinger,
• Joachim P. Spatz and
• Elisabetta A. Cavalcanti-Adam

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 773–783, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.87

• Intelligent Systems, Stuttgart, Germany Department of Internal Medicine V, Oncology, Hematology, and Rheumatology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany 10.3762/bjoc.11.87 Abstract Stem cells respond to the microenvironment (niche) they are located in. Under natural conditions, the

• factors to induce osteogenic differentiation of stem cells, and discuss the signaling pathways that are initiated by both individual and cooperative parameters. The joint effect of integrin ligands and growth factors is highlighted as the multivalent interactions for bone therapy. Keywords: biomaterials

• ; growth factor; integrin; osteodifferentiation; stem cells; Review Introduction Current bone grafting therapeutics do not provide satisfying solutions to the problems of non-healing bone defects. The gold-standard therapy is the grafting of autologous bone; however, it is limited by low availability as

Synthesis of a hexasaccharide partial sequence of hyaluronan for click chemistry and more

• Marina Bantzi,
• Stephan Rigol and
• Athanassios Giannis

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 604–607, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.67

• the surface of cancer stem cells [11][12] and plays a crucial role in the development of different types of cancer [13]. It seems that short fragments of HA (3–25 disaccharides) cause a pro-angiogenic effect in contrast to longer ones depending on the activity of this receptor [9]. Hence, well-defined

Synthesis of novel derivatives of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine and 5-formylcytosine as tools for epigenetics

• Anna Chentsova,
• Era Kapourani and
• Athanassios Giannis

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 7–11, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.2

• ], active demethylation seems to allow cells to unblock silenced genes aiming at epigenetic reprogramming of their genetic material [26]. Current accepted models propose that 5hmC could be involved in epigenetic modulation of gene activity. In fact, 5hmC was discovered also in embryonic stem cells and seems

Cyclopamine analogs bearing exocyclic methylenes are highly potent and acid-stable inhibitors of hedgehog signaling

• Johann Moschner,
• Anna Chentsova,
• Nicole Eilert,
• Irene Rovardi,
• Philipp Heretsch and
• Athanassios Giannis

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 2328–2335, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.267

• alkaloids; structure–activity relationship; Introduction Hedgehog signaling is involved in embryonic development and plays an important role in the maintenance of stem cells, tissue repair and regeneration in adult organisms [1][2][3][4]. The erroneous activation of hedgehog signaling is tightly associated

1-n-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium-2-carboxylate: a versatile precatalyst for the ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone and rac-lactide under solvent-free conditions

• Astrid Hoppe,
• Faten Sadaka,
• Claire-Hélène Brachais,
• Gilles Boni,
• Jean-Pierre Couvercelle and
• Laurent Plasseraud

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 647–654, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.73

• a carrier of stem cells [9], PLA as an implant material for stents and screws [10]. A general synthetic route for polyesters with controlled molecular weight and distribution requires the use of metal alkoxides and catalysts of transition, rare-earth and alkali metals, as initiators for the ring

Dimerization of a cell-penetrating peptide leads to enhanced cellular uptake and drug delivery

• Jan Hoyer,
• Ulrich Schatzschneider,
• Michaela Schulz-Siegmund and
• Ines Neundorf

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2012, 8, 1788–1797, doi:10.3762/bjoc.8.204

• or tumor cell lines. We indeed observed bright intracellular fluorescence when incubating human adipose tissue-derived stem cells for 1 h with (sC18)2 at 25 µM as opposed to sC18, which shows hardly any detectable uptake (Figure 2). Interestingly, the peptide is evenly distributed throughout the

• cells (human breast adenocarcinoma) were grown under the same standard growth conditions in DMEM/Ham’s F12 containing 2 mM L-glutamine and 10% FBS. HT-29 cells (human colon adenocarcinoma) were grown in RPMI 1640 supplemented with 10% FBS. Freshly isolated human-adipose-tissue-derived stem cells (hADSC

ROMP-Derived cyclooctene-based monolithic polymeric materials reinforced with inorganic nanoparticles for applications in tissue engineering

• Franziska Weichelt,
• Solvig Lenz,
• Stefanie Tiede,
• Ingrid Reinhardt,
• Bernhard Frerich and
• Michael R. Buchmeiser

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2010, 6, 1199–1205, doi:10.3762/bjoc.6.137

• shown that the properties of the scaffold material, such as mechanical properties, porosity or surface structure, strongly affect the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (i.e., the formation of osseous, muscle or neural cells) and especially for the differentiation into osteoblasts, stiff

• materials with a specific surface structure and porosity, however, would allow for the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into osteoblasts, and thus the development of scaffold materials for bone regeneration. Ideal biomaterials for bone TE should be non-immunogeneic, biodegradable, highly

• -derived stromal cells. Each data point is the average of 12 data points. (b) Fluorescence microscopy images of living cells after one and four days of cultivation; cells (human adipose tissue-derived stem cells) grown on a COE-based scaffold reinforced with 12 wt % CaCO3. ROMP-based synthesis of cis-5